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Forest
Fragmentation & Land Degradation
from Marcellus Shale gas production
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As
Marcellus Shale drilling expands in certain areas of Pennsylvania,
West Virginia and Ohio, we begin to get a better look at what that
development does to change the natural landscape and continuity of
the forests. The USGS released the first of many reports on
September 7, 2012, detailing the denigration of two Pennsylvania
counties: Bradford County and Washington County. This page will
focus on portions of that USGS report along with text, graphics and
images from other sources.
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Reporter Tim Puko
in the September 6, 2012 Pittsburgh Tribune-Review:
"The
natural gas boom has disturbed nearly 1 percent of the land in
Washington County, according to a federal study. With possibly
thousands gas wells on the way, the early data confirmed previous
research that found wells, pipelines and access roads for gas could
rival or surpass the historic disturbance from other mining and
logging industries. Nearly all of the 0.83 percent of land carved up
in Washington County came from forest and farmland, according to the
report released on Wednesday by the U.S. Geological Survey." [Complete
story]
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Fragmentation of the Allegheny National Forest in Pennsylvania
Photo: MARCELLUS AIR

"There are over 15,000 oil and gas wells in the
Allegheny, more than the other 154 National Forests combined. The
Forest Service has been unable to quantify the number of abandoned
oil and gas wells that exist on the Allegheny.
Over 5,000 oil and gas
wells have been drilled since 2000.
Oil-related spills and leakage introduce toxins such
as benzene, toluene, and xylene into forest streams."
Source:
Allegheny Defense Project
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Map images and tables shown below are from:
Landscape Consequences of Natural Gas
Extraction
in Bradford and Washington Counties, Pennsylvania,
2004–2010
USGS
Report published September 5, 2012
Webpage
PDF -
3.21MB |
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LAND DISTURBANCE |

Source: USGS |
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The
ills of forest fragmentation include loss of wildlife
and plant habitat, decrease in biodiversity, and loss of
recreational opportunity. With all of the pressure
weighing against it, fragmentation seems like a lost
cause. However, policy makers and researchers have
discovered some preventative measures that seem to lower
the effects of fragmentation on our nation's land base.
Land use planning is one of the main tools being
suggested to help control forest fragmentation.
Source: Sustainable Forests Partnership |
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AMOUNT OF LANDSCAPE
DISTURBANCE FOR NATURAL GAS EXTRACTION DEVELOPMENT AND
INFRASTRUCTURE |

Source: USGS |
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WASHINGTON COUNTY
IMPOUNDMENT DAM
The USGS table above lists
159 impoundments
in Washington
County and 682
impoundments in Bradford County, Pa.
Photo: MARCELLUS AIR |
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CHANGE IN PERCENT
INTERIOR FOREST BY WATERSHED |

Source: USGS |
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Forest
fragmentation affects the common person in ways which
might go unnoticed in day to day life but have a severe
impact over a lifetime. Fragmentation is a result of a
society which has no consideration for the next
generation, but is centered on bigger and better
development for the present. Land is a precious
resource, one which cannot be re-created. With an
expanding population, the demand on this land will
continue to increase, however, it is up to us now to
recognize its importance and contribution to our
standard of living and preserve it as such.
Source: Sustainable Forests Partnership |
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CHANGE IN PERCENT FOREST |

Source: USGS |
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Dramatic changes near Republic, Pa from Marcellus drilling
Photo: MARCELLUS AIR |
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CHANGE IN PERCENT OF
EDGE FOREST BY WATERSHED |

Source: USGS |
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The
issues that we believe are most important for fish and
wildlife are habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and
degradation, the introduction of invasive species,
mortality from construction and chemical exposure,
disturbance from noise, construction, truck traffic, and
lighting, and water associated impacts. This would
include water use and withdrawal, change in surface
water quality and quantity, surface flows, potential for
spills and contamination of groundwater, and the proper
treatment and disposal of drilling fluids, including
water and associated drilling chemicals.
Source: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service - NY |
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FOREST FRAGMENTATION
METRICS |

Source: USGS |
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VIOLATIONS
This report only covers a 6 month period at the beginning
of 2010 |

Source: Pennsylvania DEP |
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HEARINGS, RIGHT-TO-KNOW
REQUESTS
AND NEWSPAPER REPORTS |
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Excerpt from:
HAZARDS POSED BY NATURAL GAS
DRILLING NOT ALWAYS UNDERGROUND
by laura legere (staff writer)
TheTimes-Tribune.com
Published: June 21, 2010
Department of Environmental Protection files made
available to The Times-Tribune through a Right-to-Know
request reveal hundreds of examples of spills at natural
gas drilling sites in the state during the last five
years, recorded by at least 92 different drilling
companies. The documents show that many of the largest
operators in the Marcellus Shale have been issued
violations for spills that reached waterways, leaking
pits that harmed drinking water, or failed pipes that
drained into farmers' fields, killing shrubs and trees.
After
a Marcellus Shale hearing last week, DEP produced a list
for state legislators of 421 violations found by
inspectors at Marcellus Shale wells this year through
June 4. At least 50 of the violations - recorded by 15
different Marcellus operators - involved a spill to soil
or water. Generic descriptions used by the department to
characterize the violations make it impossible to
determine the exact number of spills.
"It
goes from an accident to negligence," DEP Secretary John
Hanger said at the hearing, and attributed the problems
to "poor management" and "not proper oversight" by the
companies. "This industry's got to look in the mirror,"
he said. |
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1,435 VIOLATIONS IN
TWO-AND-ONE-HALF
YEARS |

Source: The Pennsylvania Land Trust
Association |
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LINKS
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Marcellus Air |
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Seeps, Leaks and Spills |
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